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This introductory text to statistical machine translation (SMT) provides all of the theories and methods needed to build a statistical machine translator, such as Google Language Tools and Babelfish. In general, statistical techniques allow automatic translation systems to be built quickly for any language-pair using only translated texts and generic software. With increasing globalization, statistical machine translation will be central to communication and commerce. Based on courses and tutorials, and classroom-tested globally, it is ideal for instruction or self-study, for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science and/or computational linguistics, and researchers in natural language processing. The companion website provides open-source corpora and tool-kits.

A collection of historically significant articles on machine translation, from its beginnings through the early 1990s.The field of machine translation (MT)―the automation of translation between human languages―has existed for more than fifty years. MT helped to usher in the field of computational linguistics and has influenced methods and applications in knowledge representation, information theory, and mathematical statistics.This valuable resource offers the most historically significant English-language articles on MT. The book is organized in three sections. The historical section contains articles from MT's beginnings through the late 1960s. The second section, on theoretical and methodological issues, covers sublanguage and controlled input, the role of humans in machine-aided translation, the impact of certain linguistic approaches, the transfer versus interlingua question, and the representation of meaning and knowledge. The third section, on system design, covers knowledge-based, statistical, and example-based approaches to multilevel analysis and representation, as well as computational issues.

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Since its initial publication in Berlin in 1928, Jan Tschichold's The New Typography has been recognized as the definitive treatise on book and graphic design in the machine age. At once a key theoretical document of Central European modernism between the world wars and an invaluable source of working principles for the practicing designer, this classic work enjoys the reputation among book artists that Le Corbusier's Toward a New Architecture has long held among architects.The book's legendary renown is certain to increase with the long-overdue appearance of this first English translation, published in a form that reflects Tschichold's original typography and design. Ranging from theoretical discussions of typography in the age of photography and mechanical standardization to practical considerations in the design of business forms, The New Typography remains essential reading for designers, art historians, and all those concerned with the evolution of visual communication in the twentieth century.

Paperback. Translation technology is essential for translation students, practising translators, and those working as part of the language services industry, but looming above others are the tools for automating translation: machine translation and, more recently, generative AI based on large language models (LLMs).This book, authored by leading experts, demystifies machine translation, explaining its origins, its training data, how neural machine translation and LLMs work, how to measure their quality, how translators interact with contemporary systems for automating translation, and how readers can build their own machine translation or LLM. In later chapters, the scope of the book expands to look more broadly at translation automation in audiovisual translation and localisation. Importantly, the book also examines the sociotechnical context, focusing on ethics and sustainability. Enhanced with activities, further reading and resource links, including online support material on the Routledge Translation studies portal, this is an essential textbook for students of translation studies, trainee and practising translators, and users of MT and multilingual LLMs. This book, authored by leading experts, demystifies machine translation, explaining its origins, its training data, how neural machine translation and LLMs work, how to measure their quality, how translators interact with contemporary systems for automating translation, and how readers can build their own machine translation or LLM. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.

Text: English, Russian (translation)

Text: English, German (translation)

Text: English, Italian (translation)

Text: English, Italian (translation)

Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709-51), author of Man a Machine (1747), was the most uncompromising of the materialists of the eighteenth century, and the provocative title of his work ensured it a succès de scandale in his own time. This fully annotated edition presents a new English translation of the text together with the most important of La Mettrie's other philosophical works, translated into English for the first time. Ann Thomson's introduction examines his aims and the scandalous moral consequences which he drew from his materialism.

Body Pill is Anthony Naplese debut full-length for Kieran Hebden's (Four Tet) Text Records. As Anthony tells it, the title comes from a mangled English translation that caught his eye in a Japanese vending machine. When I ran the title past Kieran, and he said it just sounded like Alost rave classic, but I thought in the end it makes sense. The LP is a small dose of synthetic noises and rhythms. Naples says.

Physical description; 316 pages. Notes; Translation of: Manager international. Subjects; Maisonrouge, Jacques (1924-) - Biography. International Business Machines Corporation. International business enterprises - Management. Executives - France - Biography. Multinational companies. Management - Personal observations. Multinational companies - Management - Biographies. Genre; Illustrated.

To construct a compiler for a modern higher-level programming languagel one needs to structure the translation to a machine-like intermediate language in a way that reflects the semantics of the language. little is said about such struc­ turing in compiler texts that are intended to cover a wide variety of program­ ming languages. More is said in the Iiterature on semantics-directed compiler construction [1] but here too the viewpoint is very general (though limited to 1 languages with a finite number of syntactic types). On the other handl there is a considerable body of work using the continuation-passing transformation to structure compilers for the specific case of call-by-value languages such as SCHEME and ML [21 3]. ln this paperl we will describe a method of structuring the translation of ALGOL-like languages that is based on the functor-category semantics devel­ oped by Reynolds [4] and Oles [51 6]. An alternative approach using category theory to structure compilers is the early work of F. L. Morris [7]1 which anticipates our treatment of boolean expressionsl but does not deal with procedures. 2 Types and Syntax An ALGOL-like language is a typed lambda calculus with an unusual repertoire of primitive types. Throughout most of this paper we assume that the primi­ tive types are comm(and) int(eger)exp(ression) int(eger)acc(eptor) int(eger)var(iable) I and that the set 8 of types is the least set containing these primitive types and closed under the binary operation -.

Sir Francis Bacon, hailed as the father of experimental science, conceived his Novum Organum or New Organon as a machine for aiding the reason in establishing truth. This is a new translation from Bacon's Latin into readable modern English, equipped with helpful explanatory notes.

Five Greek and Latin treatises, with a facing English translation, which enable Marsden to trace mechanical progress in Greek and Roman artillery over five hundred years. Each text and translation is followed by extensive notes which contain explanatory diagrams which reconstruct the machines. Additional chapters discuss and reconstruct the 4th-century ballista and the onager based on a range of sources.

Five Greek and Latin treatises, with a facing English translation, which enable Marsden to trace mechanical progress in Greek and Roman artillery over five hundred years. Each text and translation is followed by extensive notes which contain explanatory diagrams which reconstruct the machines. Additional chapters discuss and reconstruct the 4th-century ballista and the onager based on a range of sources.

Five Greek and Latin treatises, with a facing English translation, which enable Marsden to trace mechanical progress in Greek and Roman artillery over five hundred years. Each text and translation is followed by extensive notes which contain explanatory diagrams which reconstruct the machines. Additional chapters discuss and reconstruct the 4th-century ballista and the onager based on a range of sources.

Ernst Toller was a formative figure in the development of theatrical modernism. These stage-worthy new translations of Toller's plays (The Machine Breakers, The German Hinkemann, The Revenge of the Lover Scorned, Wotan Unbound, Day of the Proletariat and German Revolution) capture the spirit of artistic and political combustion amidst war, revolution, imprisonment, Nazi persecution, exile and the Holocaust.

Five Greek and Latin treatises, with a facing English translation, which enable Marsden to trace mechanical progress in Greek and Roman artillery over five hundred years. Each text and translation is followed by extensive notes which contain explanatory diagrams which reconstruct the machines. Additional chapters discuss and reconstruct the 4th-century ballista and the onager based on a range of sources.